Human Meniscus Bioprinted in Orbit Returned to Earth
Researchers are Leveraging Microgravity for Critical Human Health Breakthroughs
The first human knee meniscus was bioprinted on orbit using Redwire's upgraded 3D BioFabrication Facility (BFF) on the International Space Station (ISS). This historic milestone opens the door to improved treatments for meniscal injuries, one of the most common injuries for U.S. service members.
The meniscus returned to Earth onboard the SpaceX Crew-6 Mission for analysis following successful print operations in July. Before returning to Earth, the print was cultured for 14 days on the ISS in Redwire’s Advanced Space Experiment Processor (ADSEP).
Demonstrating the ability to successfully print complex tissue such as this meniscus is a major leap forward toward the development of a repeatable microgravity manufacturing process for reliable bioprinting at scale. This directly addresses organ shortages and personalized medicine.
The print was conducted as part of the BFF-Meniscus-2 Investigation with the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Center for Biotechnology (4D Bio3), a biomedical research center that explores and adapts promising biotechnologies for warfighter benefit. The investigation was conducted by NASA astronauts Frank Rubio, Warren “Woody” Hoburg, and Stephen Bowen, and UAE astronaut Sultan Al Neyadi.
In late January 2023, NASA astronauts successfully installed an upgraded BFF that allows greater temperature control when printing with bioinks that are sensitive to temperatures, as well as Redwire’s Advanced Space Experiment Processor (ADSEP), used in conjunction with BFF. In the past, Redwire has used BFF to print with a large volume of human heart cells, and made meniscus test prints as a validation of the BFF concept onboard the ISS.
On the SpaceX CRS-29 resupply mission to the ISS in November, Redwire will be launching microgravity research payloads focused on pharmaceutical drug development and regenerative medicine. This will be the inaugural flight for the Redwire Pharmaceutical In-Space Laboratory (PIL-BOX), which will expand research capabilities for drug development on orbit. Redwire is also launching an experiment in bioprinting cardiac tissue. The cardiac cells will be used on BFF, on the same successful system used to print the meniscus.